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Bolivia, officially Republic of Bolivia, republic in central South America, bounded on the north and east by Brazil, on the south-east by Paraguay, on the south by Argentina, and on the west by Chile and Peru. the fifth-largest (after Brazil, Argentina, Peru, and Colombia) South American country. Bolivia and Paraguay are the only landlocked countries in South America.
Bolivia, named after independence fighter Simon Bolivar, broke away from Spanish rule in 1825; much of its subsequent history has consisted of a series of nearly 200 coups and counter-coups.
Comparatively democratic civilian rule was established in the 1980s, but leaders have faced difficult problems of deep-seated poverty, social unrest, and drug production. Current goals include attracting foreign investment, strengthening the educational system, continuing the privatisation program, and waging an anti-corruption campaign.
La Paz, the seat of government and the unofficial, administrative capital , is the world's highest capital city with 3600m. It contains many museums and provides visitors with modern and comfortable hotels. La Paz has many night-clubs, which generally open around midnight. On Fridays and Saturdays there are folk music and dancing shows which start late in the evening. Nearby attractions include Lake Titicaca, the Yungas Valleys, the Chacaltaya ski resort and the exceptional rock formations in the Moon Valley.
The Indians believe that lake Titicaca is holy because they think that on the Titicaca-island Isla del Sol civilization started, when the supreme-god Sun had sent 2 children to earth. Besides that there is an Isla de la Luna as well, with the remains of the templeof the Moon and a beautiful view on the Andes.
Cochabamba, the garden city, boasts a long tradition of local culture and folklore and Tarija City's excellent climate, combined with beautiful flowers and fine wines, makes it ideal for finding peace and quiet. The states of Beni and Pando, in the heart of the jungle, occupy a region offering visitors dramatic and colourful landscapes.
The 'Golden' Pantiti's many rivers provide popular land and water excursions. National dishes include empanada salteña (a mixture of diced meats, chives, raisins, diced potatoes, hot sauce and pepper baked in dough) and lomo montado (fried tenderloin steak with two fried eggs, rice and fried banana). Cruzena, is considered to be one of the best beers on the continent.
In southern Bolivia, you can visit Sucre, the legal constitutional capital, more than 2,591 m above sea level. Sucre is south-east of La Paz, and its mountain setting, whitewashed buildings, and well-preserved architecture make it one of the most beautiful cities in Bolivia. Many of the buildings around the main plaza still retain Spanish colonial features in their archways, balconies, and porticos.
Over a dozen colonial churches and numerous museums also grace the city's streets and display its rich past. Visit the Casa de la Libertad, the Supreme Court, San Francisco Xavier University (1624), one of the oldest institutions of higher education in South America. Founded as Chuquisaca by Spanish settlers in 1538, near the site of a Native American village on the eastern slopes of the Andes, Sucre has been called Charcas and La Plata. It received its present name in 1840, in honour of the first Bolivian president, Antonio José de Sucre, a revolutionary who fought alongside Simón Bolívar. In 1809 Sucre was one of the first cities in South America to revolt against Spanish rule. It was named as the capital of Bolivia in 1839. Although the executive and legislative branches of the national government now operate in La Paz, the Supreme Court still convenes in Sucre, making the city the legal capital of Bolivia.
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