If you have ever wondered how many pronouns there are in Spanish, when to use each one and how, this article is for you. In Spanish there are several types of pronouns that you need to know to fully master the language.

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What is a pronoun in Spanish?

A Spanish pronoun is a word that replaces a noun in a sentence to avoid repeating it and make the speech flow more smoothly. Pronouns in Spanish can perform different functions within a sentence, such as subject, direct or indirect object, among others.

Pronouns in Spanish are divided into different categories, including:

• Personal pronouns
• Spanish possessive pronouns
• Demonstrative pronouns in Spanish
• Spanish relative pronouns
• Indefinite pronouns

Below, you will find a clear explanation of Spanish personal pronouns, their uses and examples to facilitate your learning and understanding of pronouns.

What are Spanish personal pronouns?

Spanish personal pronouns are those that refer to the people involved in the communication. They can replace the subject or the object in a sentence and vary according to grammatical person, number and, in some cases, gender.

Personal pronouns in Spanish are divided into:

1. Subject personal pronouns in Spanish

These type of pronouns in Spanish indicate who performs the action of the verb and are as follows:

The Spanish personal subject pronouns are often omitted because the conjugation of the verb clearly indicates who is performing the action. However, they are used in the following cases:

• To give emphasis or contrast. For example: “Yo prefiero café, pero él quiere té” (I prefer coffee, but he wants tea)
• To clarify the reference when there is ambiguity. For example: “Ella llegó tarde, pero él llegó temprano” (She arrived late, but he arrived early)
• When answering a specific question. Example: “¿Quién rompió la copa de vino? Yo” (Who broke the wine glass? I did)

2. Personal pronouns of complement

Personal pronouns of complement replace the direct or indirect object in a sentence. They are divided into direct and indirect object pronouns.

Direct object pronouns replace the direct object of the sentence, that is, the person or thing that directly receives the action of the verb. They are me, te, lo and la for the singular; while for the plural they are nos, os, los and las.

Indirect object pronouns refer to the person or thing that indirectly receives the action of the verb. These are: for the first-person singular me and the plural nos; for the second person singular is te and the plural os; and for the third person singular is le and the plural, les.

3. Reflexive pronouns in Spanish

Reflexive pronouns in Spanish are used when the action of the verb falls on the same subject that performs it. In this case, they would be me, te, nos, os and se.

It should be noted that in some Spanish-speaking countries, especially in Argentina, Uruguay and Paraguay, the pronoun vos is used instead of tú for the second person singular. The verb conjugation with vos is different from that of tú. For example:

• Tú hablas → Vos hablás (You speak)
• Tú comes → Vos comés (You eat)

Examples of personal pronouns in Spanish

Below you will find some sentences where you can see how and when to use personal pronouns in Spanish:

• Yo siempre desayuno antes de salir de casa (I always have breakfast before leaving home)
• Tú estudias español todos los días (You study Spanish every day)
• Vos tenés que ir al gimnasio mañana (You must go to the gym tomorrow)
• Él juega al fútbol los fines de semana (He plays football at the weekends)
• Ella canta en el coro de la escuela (She sings in the school choir)
• Nosotros viajaremos a España el próximo verano (We will travel to Spain next summer)
• Vosotros sois muy buenos amigos. Ustedes son buenos amigos (You are very good friends)
• Ustedes deben entregar la tarea mañana (You must hand in your homework tomorrow)
• Ellos viven en una ciudad muy grande (They live in a very big city)
• Me gusta mucho la música clásica (I really like classical music)
• Se levantó temprano para ir al trabajo (He got up early to go to work)

Personal pronouns in Spanish are fundamental for communication, as they allow sentences to be more natural and fluent. That's why it's important to know their function and practice using them correctly in different contexts.

But if you still have questions about how to use personal pronouns, don't hesitate to sign up for one of our intensive Spanish courses. Our teachers will help you internalize them and master them in no time. Come discover Spain with don Quijote!

If there is one thing Spain is known for, it is its warm weather all year round, but did you know that not all cities and places in the country always have good weather? And the fact is that Spain has a pleasant climate most of the year, but its cities also know the cold and rain, especially in the north.

So, if you have ever wondered how to talk about the weather in Spanish, but you do not know what words or expressions to use or need to expand your vocabulary about the Spanish weather, this is your article! Get to know the most common expressions or the most colloquial ones, express if you are cold or hot and even how you see the sky today.

In this Don Quijote article, which you can also read in Spanish, you will find all the Spanish weather vocabulary you need.

Don't hesitate any longer and venture to learn Spanish in Spain with us!

Spanish weather terms

Start by learning the essential: basic weather words in Spanish. Below you will find a list of Spanish weather terms that will come in handy:

• Sol (Sun)
• Lluvia (Rain)
• Gotas de Lluvia (Raindrops)
• Nieve (Snow)
• Viento (Wind)
• Nubes (Clouds)
• Brisa (Breeze)
• Niebla (Fog)
• Granizo (Hail)
• Hielo (Ice)
• Humedad (Moisture)
• Arcoiris (Rainbow)
• Aguanieve (Sleet)
• Tormenta (Thunderstorm)
• Chaparrón (Downpour)
• Trueno (Thunder)
• Rayo or Relámpago (Lightning)
• Huracán (Hurricane)
• Tornado (Tornado)
• Inundación (Flood)
• Ola de calor (Heat wave)
• Sequía (Drought)

But, once you know these words, you need to know which Spanish verbs the right ones are to use. The main verbs used are tener, hacer, haber and estar, all conjugated in third or first person to talk about the weather in Spanish or one's own weather sensations.

These are some very common forms and weather expression in Spanish to talk about the climate:

• Hace calor (It’s hot)
• Hace frío (It's cold)
• Hace fresco (It's cool)
• Hace buen tiempo (It's good weather)
• Hace mal tiempo (It's bad weather)
• Está nublado (Cloudy)
• Stá soelado (Sunny)
• Está despejado (It is clear)
• Está lloviendo (It is raining)
• Hay humedad (It's humid)
• Hay Niebla (It is foggy)

In addition to the verbs mentioned above to express Spanish weather words, there are other intrinsic verbs on the same topic. For example: llover (to rain), nevar (to snow), granizar (to hail), inunda(se) (to flood) or helar(se) (to freeze). But if there are some phrases you should know to ask about or talk about Spanish weather terms, they are undoubtedly these:

• ¿Qué tiempo hace hoy? (What's the weather like today?)
• ¿Qué temperatura hará hoy? (What temperature will it be today?)
• ¿Cómo está el tiempo hoy? (How's the weather today?)
• ¿Hace calor/frío afuera? (Is it hot/cold outside?)
• ¿Crees que hoy va a hacer frío? (Do you think it's going to be cold today?)
• ¿Cuál es el pronóstico para mañana? (What's the forecast for tomorrow?)
• ¿Tienes frío/calor? (Are you hot/cold?)
• ¿Va a llover? (Is it going to rain?)
• ¿Está granizando? (Is it hailing?)

Weather expressions in Spanish

As you can see, describing or talking about the Spanish weather is not complicated, you simply must know the right vocabulary and know how to conjugate the verbs. Therefore, in the following sentences you have examples of how to form sentences with the Spanish weather words you learnt previously:

1. Ayer llovió tanto que hubo inundaciones en toda la ciudad (It rained so much yesterday that there were floods all over the city)
2. El pronóstico dice que va a llover y granizar toda la semana (The forecast says it's going to rain and hail all week)
3. Durante la tormenta del otro día vi relámpagos y truenos en el cielo (During the storm the other day I saw lightning and thunder in the sky)
4. Tengo tanto frío que no siento las manos (I'm so cold I can't feel my hands)
5. Hay riesgo de granizo si la lluvia es tan fuerte como anoche (There is a risk of hail if the rain is as heavy as last night)
6. Cuando nieva, hace mucho frío en la calle, es mejor quedarse en casa (When it snows, it's very cold outside, it's better to stay at home)
7. Está granizando muy fuerte, mejor no salgamos ahora (It's hailing very hard; we'd better not go out now)
8. Después de la tormenta, las calles estaban llenas de agua (After the storm, the streets were full of water)
9. En primavera llueve mucho, pero también hay días soleados (In spring it rains a lot, but there are also sunny days)
10. En el trabajo tengo calor porque la calefacción está muy alta (At work I'm hot because the heating is on full blast)
11. Hacía tal viento que parecía que los árboles se iban a caer (It was so windy that it looked like the trees were going to fall)
12. La niebla de ayer no nos dejaba ver nada al volante (Yesterday's fog didn't let us see anything from behind the wheel)
13. El día está soleado y hace mucho calor, es mejor no salir en hora punta (It's sunny and very hot today, it's better not to go out at rush hour)
14. Diluvió dos días seguidos en el pueblo de mis abuelos (It poured for two days in a row in my grandparents' village)
15. Tienes las manos heladas, debes de estar helado de frío, ¿quieres que encienda la calefacción? (Your hands are freezing, you must be freezing cold, do you want me to turn up the heating?)

If there is one thing that characterizes the Spanish language, it is that it has thousands of colloquial expressions on any topic or subject, and the vocabulary related to the weather is no exception. Therefore, below we leave you with some of the most used colloquial phrases related to the aSpanish weather. Did you know any of them?

• Llover a mares (It's raining cats and dogs or It’s pouring rain). E.g. No pude salir de casa ayer porque llovía a mares (I couldn't leave the house yesterday because it was raining cats and dogs).
• Hacer un frío que pela (It's freezing cold). E.g. Tengo la nariz roja, ¡hace un frío que pela! (My nose is red, it's freezing cold!)
• Hacer un calor sofocante (It’s scorching hot or It’s scorching hot). g. Madrid en agosto es terrible. Hace un calor sofocante que no te deja moverte (Madrid in August is terrible. It's so stifling hot you can't move).
• Hacer un viento que corta (It’s a biting wind). E.g. No te olvides la bufanda que hace un viento que corta (Don't forget your scarf, there's a cutting wind).
• Hacer un tiempo de perros (The weather is awful). E.g. ¡Menudo día! Hace un tiempo de perros (What a day! It's terrible weather).
• Caer un chaparrón (A heavy downpour). E.g. He llegado empapada al trabajo porque estaba cayendo un chaparrón horrible (I arrived at work soaking wet because it was pouring down with rain).
• Hacer bochorno (It’s sweltering hot and humid). E.g. Tengo la piel pegajosa del calor, menudo bochorno hace hoy (My skin is clammy from the heat, what a sultry day today).

Easy and simple, the Spanish weather words for talking about the climate that you have learned in this article can now be put into practice. Don't forget to form meaningful sentences, use the verbs you've learned and practice as much as you can. And if you need a final push in your vocabulary, an intensive Spanish course is designed for you. Launch yourself into your Spanish adventure now and live it at DonQuijote!